This work package is devoted to case studies. IHAR reaserchers ought to take studies of potato, maize, wheat and triticale.
RA 1. - Optimising and reducing pesticide use based on existing approaches
Subactivity RA 1.2. - Implementation of promising approaches (case-studies)
WHEAT
Case studies of powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) and leaf rust (Puccinia recondita) pathogens on wheat in Poland.
Scientific responsible: Jerzy H. Czembor, D.Sc.
Objectives:
- study of geographical distribution patterns of B. graminis and P. recondita on wheat in Poland
- virulence study of isolates (pathogenicity) of B. graminis and P. recondita collected on wheat
- identification and characterisation of wheat germplasm with effective resistance against population of B. graminis and P. recondita on wheat
- host – pathogen interactions studies of B. graminis and P. recondita on wheat
Fusarium head blight of wheat – improving of resistance to avoid mycotoxin contamination.
Scientific responsible: Tomasz Góral, Ph.D.
Objectives:
- introduction of FHB resistance genes to wheat cultivars and improve average resistance of commercial wheat cultivars. These genes will be introduced from known exotic sources of resistance combining resistance to head infection and DON accumulation
- creating of complex wheat genotypes from known resistant genotypes possessing different resistance genes (QTLs)
- resistance screening to FHB and DON accumulation of wheat germplasm during field experiments conducted under artificial inoculation to identify new sources of resistance
- screening of European wheat gene pool to find genes of resistance to FHB and DON accumulation to avoid, mentioned above, introducing poor agronomic characters. Genotypes with moderately improved resistance will be combined to exploit additive way of action of resistance genes or heterosis for FHB resistance, which was described as common phenomenon
- because of very complex character of resistance to FHB the utilization of selection with mycotoxins and marker assisted selection is needed to develop methods of efficient selection
MAIZE
Study of reduction of Fusarium ear rot and mycotoxin contamination in maize.
Scientific responsible: Elżbieta Kochańska-Czembor, Ph.D.
Objectives:
- to study of maize-G. zeae-environment interactions in Polish conditions
- to improve the understanding of the associated mycotoxin contamination and susceptibility/resistance of maize to ear rot disease
- to identify effective sources of resistance of maize to ear rot and preservation of biodiversity based on mycotoxin contamination
- to develop testing program and provide long-term performance data necessary for recommendations and producer management decision
- to contribute to the exploitation of genetic resources of maize for reduction of ear rot and mycotoxin contamination
TRITICALE
POTATO
RA 3. - Multi-sector evaluation of crop protection methods and cropping systems
RA 3.1 - Specific and general surveillance of pest incidence
Specific and general surveillance of powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) and leaf rust (Puccinia recondita) pathogens on wheat and triticale in Poland.
Scientific responsible: Jerzy H. Czembor, D.Sc.
Objectives:
- study of incidence and geographical distribution patterns of B. graminis and P. recondita on triticale and wheat in Poland based on two sampling methods: ‘leaf samples’ from 11 locations and ‘disease nurseries’ in 6 locations
- virulence study of isolates (pathogenicity) of B. graminis and P. recondita collected on wheat and triticale using differential sets of cultivars and breeding lines
Specific and general surveillance of pest incidence - Monitoring of Fusarium ear rot population and mycotoxin contamination in maize.
Scientific responsible: Elżbieta Kochańska-Czembor, Ph. D.
Objectives:
- to monitor and study of maize-Fusarium-environment interactions in Polish conditions
- to study aggressiveness and DON production among isolates originating from: (1) one field, (2) different fields in the same location, (3) fields from 4 different location in Poland under greenhouse and field conditions
- to study the diversity of isolates collected from the moderately resistant maize population and from susceptible one and mycotoxin contamination
- to study effect of different agronomic practices and management cropping system on occurrence of G. zeae (effect of reduced tillage on crop yield and contamination of mycotoxin)
Surveillance of Ralstonia solanacearum incidence on potato.
Scientific responsible: Dr Anna Przetakiewicz
Objectives:
- testing of viability and survival of bacteria in artificially infected plants and tubers of domestic potato varieties in connection with analyses of plant – pathogen interactions
- prepare, collect and maintain in viable state isolates of Ralstonia solanacearum originate from Polish potato varieties
- conducting research on infection ways of healthy plant material being in contact with contaminated equipment used in potato production chain (storages) and processing equipment, laboratories and greenhouses
Epidemiological studies and evaluation of the availability of resistance for bacterial ring rot caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus in European cultivated potato genotypes.
Scientific responsible: Mr. Sebastian Brzozowski
Objectives:
- to determine of C. m. subsp. sepedonicus survival period in soil and on surfaces of plant materials, equipment and machinery used in potato production and processing under different temperatures and air humidities
- establish the viability of Cms cells and their virulence using different detection methods, including: plating on semi-selective agar media, immunofluorescent colony staining (IFC), pathogenicity test on eggplant, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)
- epidemiological studies of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus would include survival in the soil, water and on different surfaces being in contact with bacteria in the potato production and processing systems
- molecular and biochemical characterization of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus population in Poland
- establish collection of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus strains
- evaluation of susceptibility of selected European potato cultivars to bacterial ring rot
RA 4. - Improving the basic understanding of the biology of the crop-pest systems
RA 4.2 - Exploitation of plant genetic resistance
Exploitation of wheat and triticale resistance to Mycosphaerella graminicola and Stagonospora nodorum.
(With interrelations to RA 1.2, RA 2.1 and RA 3.1)
Scientific responsible: Professor Edward Arseniuk, D.Sc., in cooperation with Ms. Ewelina Reszka
Objectives:
- Studying of phenotypic traits of partial resistance to S. nodorum and S. tritici in winter wheat and triticale elite cultivars and DH lines under controlled environment.
- Resistance screening of winter wheat and triticale germplasms in field tests.
Wheat – molecular breeding for resistance to yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici) and leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici).
Scientific responsible: Paweł Czembor, Ph.D.
Objectives:
- pyramiding of non-specific and major resistance genes to yellow rust and leaf rust in wheat using molecular markers.
- Wheat x Puccinia pathosystem:
Pavon 76 'S' line with partial additive adult plant resistance locus Yr29 to yellow rust will be tested in preliminary experiments held in Denmark (spring 2008). Next, adult plant testing at least in one location (France and/or Denmark) will be established in spring 2009 year. In course of the experiments at least level of disease control will be assessed when exposed to different pathogen isolates.
- Wheat x Mycosphaerella pathosystem:
In Liwilla wheat cultivar several QTLs associated with resistance to Mycospahaerella graminicola
have been detected. QTLs located on chromosomes 7A and 1B are effective both at seedling and adult plant stage. Each of these QTLs explained phenotypic variation in range 20-30%. We would like to assess selection pressure on defined pathogen population exert by different combinations of quantitative resistance loci.
